500kW Hydro Power Turbine Micro Turbine Generator Hydro Generator

Fundamental Technical Specifications and Main Parameters:

This machine is horizontal shaft turgo turbine with single nozzle and single runner. It consists main body of turbine, nozzle assembly, conduit part, deflector control mechanism etc.

3.1 Main body of the turbine

The main body of the turbine includes a rotating part (working part), bearing assembly and the housing body.

3.1.1 Rotating part is comprised of the runner, main shaft, flywheel, and water deflector etc.

The runner is the principle part of the turbine. It has influence over the characteristic of the turbine. The runner consists of vanes, the hub and the outer ring of runner. The shape of vane is three dimension camber.The outer ring applies to strengthen the runner and to reduce the loss of wind.

The plane key set up between the runner and the main shaft in order to transfer running torque.The elastic coupling is fitted on the end of main shaft.The end of main shaft and the hole of coupling are fitting and transfered the running torque by plane key.

The water deflector is used to guard against leakage from the axial way.

3.1.2 Bearing assembly includes rolling bearings, bearing seats and bearing covers etc.

The turbine applies rolling bearings for increasing efficiency and simplified construction,easily manufacturing,reducing cost and convenience in maintenance.

Bearing seats with rolling bearing are mounted on the casing of body and fixed by taperpin on it.Then it gets the integrity of two bearings.The runner is placed between two bearings.

The bearings lubricated by sodium-calcium grease in auto refrigerating.

3.2 The guide apparatus includes the intake mechanism part, hydraulic (or pressure oil) connecting part.

3.2.1 The guide apparatus

The guide apparatus consists of intake pipe, needle, nozzle tip, guide support and balancing piston, needle stem as well as bronze guide bushing, in addition there are o-ring, seal gland and needle rod etc.

The intake pipe conduits pressure water flow to the nozzle via the guide support which is used to support the needle stem to provide against a vortex. In practice the nozzle is just a needle valve; however the valve plays a role of shut off and of transform energy in impulse turbine. The pressure water flow enters the nozzle body. Then the velocity of water flow shall be increased rapidly at the nozzle tip and the water flow is formed a jet to inject to the vanes of runner. So pressure energy of the flow changes to velocity energy and the runner does a work. The opening of nozzle shall be adjusted by nozzle control mechanism which is consisted distributing valve, the servomotor of needle and by combination mechanism.

The discharge outlet section of nozzle shall be changed after the piston of the needle servomotor with the combination mechanism and for adjusting the discharge flow according to the change of network load. There is a balancing piston in the nozzle control mechanism for balancing the axial hydraulic thrust acted on the needle, in order to work easily. An end guide bearing place

d on the intake pipe is other one of two supports for the needle stem. There is an o-ring and packing gland on the support of the end guide bearing in order to seal with o-ring and to scrape filth on the all sliding surfaces of with the packing gland except glancing o-ring. So it protects the o-ring against water and good work. There is a hole near the guide in the pipe for inspecting and cleaning of debris, such as grass and twigs.

3.2.2 Hydraulic (or pressure oil) mechanism and connecting holder include the distributing valve, the needle servomotor and a connecting holder as well as the hand wheel holder.

The distributing valve and the servomotor of needle consist principally of a cylinder, a piston and so on. The piston of the distributing valve is a switch where shall be control the way of the pressure oil to the servomotor. There are two throttling valves at the inlet and the outlet in the servomotor for controlling oil flow. The piston of the distributing valve shall be striated on the way of pressure oil to servomotor when the nil is in stop and normal operation.

The distributing valve shall be controlled by the restoring happen at the same time, so put the inlet and the outlet of oil way on the servomotor, afterwards the pressure oil shall be put into the servomotor cylinder via a throttling valve and drive the piston of the servomotor. Then the needle stem shall be moved and the nozzle opening shall be changed, for keeping balance between the unit load and the output of the unit. This moment the piston of the servomotor shall be renew to balanced medium position (to close the inlet and the outlet of oil way on the servomotor), then unit shall be kept normal operation.

Moved speed of the servomotor piston is changeable by the throttling valve for charging the closing time of the needle. If this speed is too rapid, it may be broken the penstock by water hummer. It must be regulated the switch of the throttling valve to put the closing time of the needle accord with the parameter, that calculated for regulating guaranty.

The connecting holder is used to connect the servomotor and the intake pipe.

3.3 Conduit part

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